Introduction

Immunodeficiencies, or primary immunodeficiencies, are a group of inherited disorders in which the immune system is not functioning properly. This can lead to recurrent infections, allergies, and other autoimmune diseases. Immunodeficiencies can be caused by genetic factors, environmental factors, or a combination of both. In this article, we will review some of the most common genetic immunodeficiencies.

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) is an inherited disorder in which the body is unable to produce functional antibodies. This leads to an inability to fight off infections, and can be fatal if left untreated. SCID is caused by mutations in several different genes, and can be inherited in either an autosomal recessive or X-linked recessive manner. SCID can be treated with bone marrow transplants, gene therapy, and enzyme replacement therapy.

Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD)

Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) is an inherited disorder in which the body is unable to produce functional phagocytes, which are cells that normally help the body fight off infections. CGD is caused by mutations in several different genes, and can be inherited in either an autosomal recessive or X-linked recessive manner. CGD can be treated with antibiotics and immunosuppressive drugs, as well as bone marrow transplants and gene therapy.

Hyper IgM Syndrome (HIGM)

Hyper IgM Syndrome (HIGM) is an inherited disorder in which the body is unable to produce functional IgM antibodies. This leads to an inability to fight off infections, and can be fatal if left untreated. HIGM is caused by mutations in several different genes, and can be inherited in either an autosomal recessive or X-linked recessive manner. HIGM can be treated with antibiotics, immunosuppressive drugs, and bone marrow transplants.

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS)

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS) is an inherited disorder in which the body is unable to produce functional T-cells, which are cells that normally help the body fight off infections. WAS is caused by mutations in several different genes, and can be inherited in either an autosomal recessive or X-linked recessive manner. WAS can be treated with antibiotics, immunosuppressive drugs, and bone marrow transplants.

Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)

Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) is an inherited disorder in which the body is unable to produce functional antibodies. This leads to an inability to fight off infections, and can be fatal if left untreated. CVID is caused by mutations in several different genes, and can be inherited in either an autosomal recessive or X-linked recessive manner. CVID can be treated with antibiotics, immunosuppressive drugs, and bone marrow transplants.

X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia (XLA)

X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is an inherited disorder in which the body is unable to produce functional B-cells, which are cells that normally help the body fight off infections. XLA is caused by mutations in the Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) gene, and is inherited in an X-linked recessive manner. XLA can be treated with antibiotics, immunosuppressive drugs, and bone marrow transplants.

Conclusion

In conclusion, immunodeficiencies are a group of inherited disorders in which the immune system is not functioning properly. These disorders can be caused by genetic factors, environmental factors, or a combination of both. In this article, we reviewed some of the most common genetic immunodeficiencies, including Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID), Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD), Hyper IgM Syndrome (HIGM), Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS), Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID), and X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia (XLA). Treatment for these disorders can include bone marrow transplants, gene therapy, enzyme replacement therapy, antibiotics, and immunosuppressive drugs.