Review of Immune Cells

The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that work together to protect the body from infection, disease, and foreign elements. The immune system is made up of specialized cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from pathogens and other harmful substances. Immune cells are responsible for recognizing and responding to these threats, and they play a critical role in maintaining health. In this review, we will explore the different types of immune cells, their functions, and how they work together to protect the body from disease.

Types of Immune Cells

Immune cells are divided into two main categories: innate and adaptive. Innate immune cells are the first line of defense and are present in the body at all times. These cells are responsible for recognizing and responding to foreign invaders, and they include various types of white blood cells, such as macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells.

Adaptive immune cells, on the other hand, are specialized to recognize and respond to specific threats. These cells include B-cells and T-cells, which are responsible for mounting an immune response against specific pathogens.

Functions of Immune Cells

Immune cells play a crucial role in maintaining health by recognizing and responding to threats. Innate immune cells are the first line of defense and are responsible for recognizing and responding to foreign invaders. These cells can produce inflammatory responses, which help to fight off infections, and they can also destroy and ingest foreign particles.

Adaptive immune cells are responsible for mounting an immune response against specific pathogens. B-cells produce antibodies that can recognize and bind to specific antigens, while T-cells can recognize and destroy infected or cancerous cells.

Pathology of Immune Cells

Immune cells can become dysfunctional or overactive, leading to a variety of diseases and disorders. An overactive immune system can lead to autoimmune diseases, in which the body mistakenly attacks itself. An underactive immune system, on the other hand, can lead to increased susceptibility to infection and disease.

In addition, certain types of immune cells can become cancerous, leading to leukemias and lymphomas. Finally, immune cells can become dysfunctional due to genetic mutations, leading to a variety of primary immunodeficiencies.

Conclusion

Immune cells are a critical component of the immune system, and they play a vital role in maintaining health. There are two main types of immune cells: innate and adaptive, and each type has a distinct role in protecting the body from disease. When immune cells become dysfunctional or overactive, they can lead to a variety of diseases and disorders. By understanding the different types of immune cells and how they work together, we can better understand and treat a variety of immune-related diseases.